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In contrast to the classical thinking of human endometrium as a sterile tissue, several recent studies have drawn attention to a resident population of microorganisms, which reaches only a 30% of concordance with those of the cervical\u2010vaginal flora. At present, the understanding of the microbiome in relation to human reproduction is in its infancy and further studies are needed to clarify the activity of endometrial microbiome and the possible effects of a \u201creproductive tract dysbiosis\u201d on fertility. Moreover, in the human endometrium, there is a complex system works preventing the risk of infection as well as enabling, when pregnancy occurs, the acceptance of the blastocyst. In this way, the endometrium plays a central role in the uterine immune surveillance. A better understanding of the different agents that may affect endometrial receptivity would improve the diagnosis and treatment of obstetric complications related to defective implantation and placentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T15:15:07Z","timestamp":1540912507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Endometrial microbes and microbiome: Recent insights on the inflammatory and immune \u201cplayers\u201d of the human endometrium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"D\u2019Ippolito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Area Salute Donna Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italia"},{"name":"Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore 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