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Serum and medium supernatant cytokines levels of PBMCs and serum levels of HMGB1 and Caspase\u20101 were also evaluated by ELISA. Monocytes, Th17, and Treg cells frequency were also determined by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>PE women with MetS exhibited increased percentage of non\u2010classical and intermediate monocytes and Th17 cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.025). Furthermore, decreased Treg cells frequency was also observed in PE women with MetS compared to PE women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.019). The mRNA expression of inflammasome\u2010related genes (Caspase\u20101, NLRP3, HMGB1), TLR4, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u201017, IL\u201018, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 was significantly higher in PE patients with MetS than that of the healthy pregnant individuals (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and PE patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Serum levels of TGF\u2010\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 in PE patients with MetS were increased compared to other two groups, while IL\u201010 levels were significantly reduced. A significant sFlt (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.016), Caspase\u20101 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012), HMGB1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.016) upregulation, and VEGF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.023) downregulation were also observed in the serum of PE women having MetS compared to PE women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MetS is closely related to the exacerbation of inflammatory reactions in PE. This study indicates that, in order to diminish the systemic features of PE, prior to conceive and start a pregnancy, MetS should be severely considered and managed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T02:38:10Z","timestamp":1546828690000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Metabolic syndrome mediates proinflammatory responses of inflammatory cells in preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Gisoo","family":"Jabalie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4787-5261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Reproductive Biology Department Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ladan","family":"Koushaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shadi","family":"Eghbal\u2010Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Mehdizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Kamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Abdollahi\u2010Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laya","family":"Farzadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hojjat\u2010 Farsangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology\u2010Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK) Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5367-9956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Biology Department Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0099-6728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20174428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(99)90225-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.180055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.05.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000110642.73995.BF"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181b7b242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374213-1.00007-0","volume-title":"Metabolic Syndrome and Preeclampsia. 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