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The result of oral antibiotic remains poor. Therefore, this study investigates the role of nisin in endometritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of nisin on the growth and cell wall of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> were determined in vitro. Besides the blank control group, animals with established post\u2010partum were inoculated with 0.1\u00a0mL <jats:italic>S\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> intravaginally. Two days post\u2010inoculation, the animals were administered nisin (25\u00a0mg\/kg), kanamycin (30\u00a0mg\/kg), and water (model group) for 7\u00a0days. On the seventh day, serum and uterine organs were obtained for pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory analysis. The uterine tissue samples were weighed, and histopathological analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that nisin had an inhibitory effect on the growth and cell wall formation of <jats:italic>S\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>. Nisin and kanamycin treatment prevented a <jats:italic>S\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced decrease in pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and promoted an increase in the level of serum anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines in the endometrium of these animals. Nisin and kanamycin, significantly decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) the endometritis\u2010induced increases in uterine weight, restored endometrial architecture and significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) normalized uterine neutrophils to control levels. Additionally, improved levels of B<jats:sub>7\u20102<\/jats:sub>, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20102, and IL\u20108 were observed when treated with nisin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that nisin compared favorably with kanamycin in endometritis prevention, suggesting that nisin can be used in <jats:italic>S\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced endometritis by protecting the uterus from <jats:italic>S\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T13:40:08Z","timestamp":1548423608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Nisin reduces uterine inflammation in rats by modulating concentrations of pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory 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