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However, the immunobiology of acute atherosis is poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Placental basal plate samples were collected from women who delivered with (n\u00a0=\u00a011) and without (n\u00a0=\u00a031) decidua basalis lesions of acute atherosis. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to quantify M1\u2010 and M2\u2010like macrophage subsets and the expression of iNOS and IL\u201012 by decidual macrophages. Multiplex fluorescence staining and phenoptics were performed to localize M1\u2010, MOX\u2010, and Mhem\u2010like macrophages in the decidual basalis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macrophages displayed diverse phenotypes in the decidua basalis with acute atherosis. M2\u2010like macrophages were the most abundant subset in the decidua; yet, this macrophage subset did not change with the presence of acute atherosis. Decidual M1\u2010like macrophages were increased in acute atherosis, and such macrophages displayed a pro\u2010inflammatory phenotype, as indicated by the expression of iNOS and IL\u201012. Decidual M1\u2010like pro\u2010inflammatory macrophages were localized near both transformed and non\u2010transformed vessels in the decidua basalis with acute atherosis. MOX and Mhem macrophages were also identified near transformed vessels in the decidua basalis with acute atherosis. Finally, monocyte\u2010like cells were present on the vessel wall of non\u2010transformed decidual vessels, indicating a possible intravascular source for macrophages in acute atherosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decidual macrophages display different phenotypes, namely M1\u2010like, M2\u2010like, MOX, and Mhem subsets. Yet, pro\u2010inflammatory macrophages are enriched in the decidua basalis with acute atherosis. These findings provide a molecular foundation for future mechanistic inquiries about the role of pro\u2010inflammatory macrophages in the pathogenesis of acute atherosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]],"date-time":"2019-02-08T11:12:40Z","timestamp":1549624360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The immunophenotype of decidual macrophages in acute atherosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Navleen","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, <i>Eunice Kennedy Shriver<\/i> National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health, U. S. 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