{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:43:31Z","timestamp":1787013811827,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007046","name":"Wuhan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RMYD2018M75"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RMYD2018M75"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31671567, 81401218, 81401274, 81501333, 81501277 a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31671567, 81401218, 81401274, 81501333, 81501277 a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal immune system tolerance to the semiallogeneic fetus is critical for a successful pregnancy. Studies have shown that myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in maintaining feto\u2010maternal tolerance. However, the mechanisms remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the percentage of MDSCs in an allogeneic\u2010normal\u2010pregnant mouse model during different periods of gestation. We further assessed the percentage of MDSCs and their subtypes (granulocytic MDSCs [GR\u2010MDSCs] and monocytic MDSCs [MO\u2010MDSCs]) in a spontaneous abortion mouse model. The levels of the immunosuppressive molecules ARG\u20101, iNOS, IL\u201010, and TGF\u2010\u03b2 in MDSCs were also evaluated. MDSCs were depleted by anti\u2010Gr\u20101 injection, and the resorption rate was calculated. The cytotoxicity of decidual natural killer (NK) cells was evaluated, and the percentage of regulatory NK (NKreg) cells and regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells was accumulated in a time\u2010dependent manner during pregnancy. However, the percentage of MDSCs was decreased in the spontaneous abortion mice compared with that in the control mice. In addition, the levels of ARG\u20101, iNOS, IL\u201010, and TGF\u2010\u03b2 in MDSCs decreased differentially. Finally, depletion of MDSCs was associated with increased rates of resorption and the proportion of NKreg and Treg cells in uterine tissues; meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of decidual NK cells was upregulated by increasing the level of perforin, granzyme B, and natural killer group protein 2 D\u2010activating NK receptor (NKG2D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depletion of MDSCs may cause pregnancy loss, while upregulating the cytotoxicity of decidual NK cells and increasing NKreg and Treg cell numbers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,9]],"date-time":"2019-02-09T11:29:22Z","timestamp":1549711762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells depletion may cause pregnancy loss via upregulating the cytotoxicity of decidual natural killer cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6144-8197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiabin","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuju","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1464-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 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