{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:23:29Z","timestamp":1753878209716,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,17]],"date-time":"2019-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnancy appears to favor maternal antibody production. In contrast, by damaging follicular helper T cells (T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>), HIV\u20101 infection compromises protective humoural immune response. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the frequency of different T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>\u2010like cells in HIV\u2010infected pregnant women (PW) before and after antiretroviral (ARV) therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T and B cells, were obtained from asymptomatic HIV\u20101\u2013infected non\u2010PW and PW just before and after ARV therapy. In some experiments, healthy HIV\u20101\u2013negative PW were also tested. The frequency of different T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>\u2010like cell subsets was determined by flow cytometry. The plasma titers of IgG anti\u2010tetanus toxoid (TT), anti\u2010HBsAg, and anti\u2010gp41 were determined by ELISA. The in vitro production of total IgG, IL\u201021, and hormones (estrogen and progesterone) was quantified also by ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results demonstrate that antiretroviral (ARV) therapy was more efficient in elevating the percentage of circulating IL\u201021\u2013secreting T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub> cells in HIV\u20101\u2013infected pregnant women (PW) than in non\u2010pregnant patients (nPW). Moreover, in co\u2010culture systems, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells from ART\u2010treated PW were more efficient in assisting B cells to produce IgG production. The in vivo anti\u2010HBsAg IgG titers after ARV therapy were also significantly higher in PW, and their levels were directly associated with both IL\u201021<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub> frequency and plasma concentration of estrogen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summary, our results suggest that pregnancy favors the recovery of T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>\u2010like cells after ARV therapy in HIV\u20101\u2013infected women, which could help these mothers to protect their newborns from infectious diseases by transferring IgG across the placenta.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T06:50:56Z","timestamp":1572591056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pregnancy favors circulating IL\u201021\u2013secreting T<sub>FH<\/sub>\u2010like cell recovery in ARV\u2010treated HIV\u20101\u2013infected women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Taissa M.","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarice","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Hygino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos O. 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