{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:13:21Z","timestamp":1774671201652,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]],"date-time":"2020-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Senescence of the fetal membranes and senescence\u2010associated inflammation have been associated with parturition at term and pre\u2010term in both mice and humans. Using a pregnant mouse model, we determined changes in multiple molecular signalers contributing to senescence and inflammation associated with parturition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal membranes were collected from timed\u2010pregnant CD\u20101 mice on gestation days (E) 13, 15, 17, 18, and 19. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) localized pro\u2010cell growth factors glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2 (GSK3\u03b2) and \u03b2\u2010catenin. Gestational age\u2010associated changes in pro\u2010cell growth vs senescence mediators (p38 mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase [p38MAPK]), prooxidants (heme oxygenase\u20101 [HO\u20101], peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor \u03b3 [PPAR\u03b3]), and pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201010, and IL\u20101\u03b2) were determined by Western blots and Luminex assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal membrane expressions of phosphorylated forms of GSK3\u03b2 (inactivation) and p38MAPK (activation) increased, while \u03b2\u2010catenin expression decreased, as gestation progressed. Antioxidant HO\u20101 expression decreased while PPAR\u03b3 increased toward term gestation. IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 concentrations were highest on E19 (day of delivery), while IL\u201010 and IL\u20101\u03b2 concentrations were highest on E15.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mouse fetal membranes showed a progressive senescence marker increase coincided with downregulation of cell growth factors. Development of senescence is associated with inflammation. Senescence\u2010associated changes are natural and physiologic and indicative of fetal membranes' readiness for parturition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T06:34:13Z","timestamp":1575873253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Changes in mediators of pro\u2010cell growth, senescence, and inflammation during murine gestation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Narmada","family":"Lavu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine &amp; Perinatal Research Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology &amp; Anatomy The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston TX 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