{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:37:28Z","timestamp":1791247048936,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to investigate the main causes of recurrent miscarriage (RM) in patients with losses after spontaneous gestation (SG) and after in vitro fertilization (IVF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective case\u2010control study was conducted. The eligible patients were women who had experienced two or more consecutive abortions after &lt;12\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation, two consecutive losses after SG, or two consecutive losses after IVF. All patients were subjected to the following evaluations: karyotyping of the aborted material, alloimmune and autoimmune marker testing, and acquired and hereditary thrombophilia marker testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 58 patients were eligible: 32 patients with RM after SG and 26 patients with RM after IVF. The factors associated with RM were genetic (29%), immune (14%), thrombophilic (21%), and thrombophilic and immune (24%), and only 12% of the cases were idiopathic. Comparing the two study groups (SG and IVF), all studied factors were similar, except for a higher ANA positivity observed in the SG group (SG 30.4% vs IVF 5.3%, OR 8.6 (CI 1.1\u201021.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> .048).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study identified the possibly factors associated with recurrent miscarriage in 86% of the cases, and these factors appear to be similar in patients with recurrent miscarriage after spontaneous gestation and IVF. This study demonstrates that IVF with PGT\u2010A with euploid embryo transfer could reduce abortions by up to 29%, but other factors need to be investigated even in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T13:00:18Z","timestamp":1580216418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Causes of recurrent miscarriage after spontaneous pregnancy and after in vitro fertilization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4755-170X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paolo","family":"Bilibio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1 Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Clinica de Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o Assistida Pronatus Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 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