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Increased number of MCs, higher levels of MC\u2010released tryptase in testis and seminal plasma of males with fertility problems, and promoting sperm motility in individuals with oligozoospermia after using MC blockers provide evidence that MCs may play a role in male infertility\/subfertility disturbances. MC\u2010released tryptase and histamine contribute to the fibrosis and may disrupt spermatogenesis. MCs not only influence the process of spermatogenesis but also have effects on the function of other testis\u2010residing cells. MC\u2010derived histamine may influence the steroidogenesis of Leydig cells by acting through H1R and H2R receptors. Additionally, the interaction between MC\u2010released ATP and P2X receptors expressed on the peritubular cells may induce the production of the pro\u2010inflammatory mediators by peritubular cells. Further investigations showed that MCs may be involved in the pathology of female infertility during implantation, pregnancy, and abortion. In the uterus, MC<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> subtype is abundant in myometrium and adjacent basal layer while MC<jats:sub>TC<\/jats:sub> subtype is distributed in all layers. MCs in response to hormones mainly estradiol and progesterone become activated and release a wide range of mediators including histamine, VEGF, proteases, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) that have a role in different stages of pregnancy. An increasing influx of MCs to the cervix during the pregnancy occurs that helps to the physiologic cervical ripening. While MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM), VEGF modulates neovascularization and histamine influences the embryo implantation. MC\u2010derived histamine may have a positive effect during implantation due to its participation in tissue remodeling. MC proteases including tryptase and chymase activate the precursors of MMP2 and MMP9 to mediate ECM degradation during the physiologic menstrual cycle. There is a line of evidence that MCs have a role in abortion by releasing TNF\u2010\u03b1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T13:36:05Z","timestamp":1581600965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Significance of mast cells in spermatogenesis, implantation, pregnancy, and abortion: Cross talk and molecular mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0546-5280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Elieh Ali Komi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 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