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Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were collected from 23 pregnant and 25 non\u2010pregnant women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mass spectrometry analysis of CVL identified 550 human proteins and 376 bacterial proteins from 11 genera. Host proteome analysis indicated 56 human proteins (10%) were differentially abundant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) between pregnant and non\u2010pregnant women, including proteins involved in angiogenesis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03.36E\u20103), cell movement of phagocytes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.34E\u20106), and permeability of blood vessels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.27E\u20104). The major bacterial genera identified were <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Gardnerella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Megasphaera<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Atopobium<\/jats:italic>. Pregnant women had higher levels of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> species (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.017) compared with non\u2010pregnant women. Functional pathway analysis indicated that pregnancy associated with changes to bacterial metabolic pathway involved in energy metabolism, which were increased in pregnant women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.035).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, pregnant women showed differences in the cervicovaginal proteome and microbiome that may be important for HIV infection risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T18:40:41Z","timestamp":1584729641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pregnancy associates with alterations to the host and microbial proteome in vaginal mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Farr Zuend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National HIV and Retrovirology Labs J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole H.","family":"Tobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trisha","family":"Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National HIV and Retrovirology Labs J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lani","family":"Kotyrba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National HIV and Retrovirology Labs J.C. 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Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Mutch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National HIV and Retrovirology Labs J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"McCorrister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB 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