{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:12:26Z","timestamp":1791925946559,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]],"date-time":"2020-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["864\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["864\/14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gut dysbiosis is caused by several factors, including the use of antibiotics. Since intestinal dysbiosis is associated with a wide range of immunopathological and reproductive conditions, the main goal of this study was to evaluate amoxicillin\u2010induced gut dysbiosis and its influence on the oestrous cycle in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice were treated with amoxicillin or PBS, and faecal microbiota was evaluated by 16S rDNA metagenomic sequencing. The oestrous cycle was evaluated by vaginal cytology, vaginal opening and flow cytometry. After the induction of gut dysbiosis, the ovaries and the caecum were analysed to differential expression of <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL\u201010<\/jats:italic> genes and histological analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amoxicillin\u2010treated mice presented differing bacterial groups in the faecal microbiota when compared to the PBS\u2010treated group indicating that amoxicillin treatment\u2010induced gut dysbiosis and they gained weight. The vaginal cytology analysis showed that amoxicillin\u2010induced gut dysbiosis decreased the number of cells but increased the relative number of leucocytes and altered the oestrous cycle. <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> was shown to be upregulated in the caecum and in the ovary of the dysbiotic mice. On the other hand, <jats:italic>IL\u201010<\/jats:italic> expression was shown to be diminished in both organs of the dysbiotic mice. The oocyte area from dysbiotic group presented lower than non\u2010dysbiotic mice with increasing thickness of the pellucid zone. The follicular teak from dysbiotic mice showed lower thickness than non\u2010dysbiotic mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that amoxicillin induces gut dysbiosis and influences the oestrous cycle and the inflammatory status of the ovary and the caecum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T12:10:43Z","timestamp":1587211843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Amoxicillin\u2010induced gut dysbiosis influences estrous cycle in mice and cytokine expression in the ovary and the caecum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4145-1401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evandro Neves","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia das Doen\u00e7as 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