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In animal models, testicular <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>, and potentially other bacterial and viral infections, cause histopathology that is likely to adversely affect spermatogenesis and fertility. This likely occurs through infiltration of inflammatory cells, functional dysregulation of immunosuppressive testicular macrophages and Sertoli cells and destruction of key testicular cell types including sperm progenitors. Here, testicular damage due to infection and\/or inflammation is reviewed, as it represents a probable underestimated and unrecognized factor leading to male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]],"date-time":"2020-06-13T19:09:15Z","timestamp":1592075355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Testicular inflammation and infertility: Could chlamydial infections be contributing?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Bryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Beagley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6240-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison J.","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"WHO.Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 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