{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:24:05Z","timestamp":1791404645924,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005410","name":"Fooyin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FH\u2010HR\u2010108\u201009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FH\u2010HR\u2010108\u201009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaccination is the best protection against rubella and congenital rubella infection. Although a high rate of immunization coverage is achieved in Taiwan, it is unknown if the vaccine\u2010induced immunity persists from the age of vaccination to childbearing age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5,988 prenatal rubella IgG test results of young pregnant women aged 19\u201023\u00a0years old from six hospitals during January 2001 to December 2008 and January 2013 to December 2017 were analyzed. We compared the rubella seropositivity rates and titers in these women who were vaccinated with MMR vaccine in four different vaccination age cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall rubella seropositivity rate was 87.4% (95% CI: 86.6%\u201088.3%), and the mean rubella IgG level was 39\u00a0IU\/mL among young pregnant women aged 19\u201023\u00a0years. Women in the elementary cohort had the highest rubella positivity of 90.8% (95% CI: 89.6%\u201091.9%), and levels gradually decrease to 84.6% (95% CI: 82.4%\u201086.7%) in 15\u2010month plus cohort. The average rubella IgG was only 25\u00a0IU\/mL for the 15\u2010month plus cohort. Women in cohorts immunized at younger age exhibited significantly lower chances of being seropositive relative to women in older cohort after adjusting other factors (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rubella seropositivity rate and rubella IgG levels were low among young women aged 19\u201023\u00a0years, especially in cohorts immunized at younger age. As rubella immunity wanes over time, a third dose of MMR may be a protective strategy for women who conceive later in life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T19:25:38Z","timestamp":1592853938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Faster waning of the rubella\u2010specific immune response in young pregnant women immunized with MMR at 15 months"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Wan\u2010Ju","family":"Kung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Fooyin University Hospital Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Tang","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Fooyin University Hospital Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung\u2010Luen","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine Shin Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling\u2010Yao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Mennonite Christian Hospital Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiou\u2010Huey","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alere Health Corp. Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Wen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology E\u2010Da Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsueh\u2010Chiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Fooyin University Hospital Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2417-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching\u2010Chiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Research Fooyin University Hospital Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60539-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12355"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global vaccine action plan. Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2012.http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/78141\/1\/9789241504980_eng.pdf?ua=1 Accessed October 01 2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. Notifiable Infectious Disease Statistics System Taiwan. 2000\u20132019.https:\/\/nidss.cdc.gov.tw\/ch\/SingleDisease.aspx?dc=1&dt=2&disease=056Accessed September 05 2019"},{"issue":"04","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"62","author":"McLean HQ","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90920-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Taiwan Centers for Disease Control.Vaccine\u2010Preventable Diseases Control.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov.tw\/En\/Category\/ListPage\/4TFK95zgsUb9k8XYFFj2Dw. Accessed September 05 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.02.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/659838"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/528993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-015-0864-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-014-0776-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.04.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899003222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00028-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.086306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05334-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02903.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","unstructured":"Department of Statistics Ministry of the Inferior R.O.C (Taiwan).https:\/\/www.moi.gov.tw\/chi\/chi_site\/stat\/node.aspx?cate_sn=&belong_sn=5137&sn=6868Accessed September 05 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.09.04.00464-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/12.9.795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"World health organization.https:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/newsroom\/measles\u2010data\u20102019\/en\/. Accessed September 05 2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2019.34.e59"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5365\/wpsar.2018.9.2.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2019.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2017.09.001"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faji.13294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.13294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aji.13294","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.13294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T08:35:55Z","timestamp":1693902955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.13294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aji.13294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.13294","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13294"}}