{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:10:57Z","timestamp":1790302257241,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]],"date-time":"2020-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is unknown whether maternal cytokine production differs between twin and singleton gestations in the implantation phase. A difference in maternal serum cytokine concentrations in twins would imply a dose\u2010response to the invading embryos, as opposed to a general immune reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective longitudinal cohort of women aged 18\u201045 at an academic fertility center undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF\u2010ET) underwent routine collection of serial serum samples starting 9\u00a0days after ET and then approximately every 48\u00a0hours thereafter. Cryopreserved aliquots of these samples were assayed for interleukin\u201010 (IL\u201010), tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), and C\u2010X\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) using the SimplePlex immunoassay platform. Pregnancies were followed until delivery. Serial measures of serum concentrations of IL\u201010, CXCL10, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 in singleton or di\u2010di twin pregnancies from 9 to 15\u00a0days after IVF\u2010ET were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal serum levels of CXCL10 are significantly lower in women with di\u2010di twin pregnancies in early implantation compared to those with singleton gestation (day 9\u201011, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02). Serum levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u201010 were comparable at all studied time points (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal serum levels of CXCL10 are significantly lower in the earliest implantation phase in di\u2010di twins compared to singleton conceptions. Given the known anti\u2010angiogenic role of CXCL10, we hypothesize that lower CXCL10 levels in twin implantations allow an environment that is conducive for the greater vascularization required for the establishment of dual placentation in di\u2010di twins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T16:24:44Z","timestamp":1600446284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Peri\u2010implantation cytokine profile differs between singleton and twin IVF pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4610-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Division of Reproductive Sciences Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Kaislasuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Division of Reproductive Sciences Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Helsinki and the Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulomi","family":"Aldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Paidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0651-8241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth","family":"Guller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Division of Reproductive Sciences Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Division of Reproductive Sciences Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology Wayne State University Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubna","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Division of Reproductive Sciences Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT 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