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Recent advances in extracellular vesicle (EV) biology have introduced them as major communication channels between the mother and fetus. EVs are round structures with a lipid bilayer membrane. EVs are generally categorized based on their size and mode of biogenesis. The most commonly reported EVs are exosomes with a size range of 30\u2010160\u00a0nm that are formed inside the intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular body. Microvesicles (MVs) are larger than\u00a0&gt;\u00a0200\u00a0nm and formed by outward budding of plasma membrane. Vesicles are released from all cells and carry various factors that reflect the physiologic state of cell at the time of their release. Analysis of vesicle provides a snapshot of origin cell. Recent studies in perinatal medicine have shown that exosomes are key communicators between feto\u2010maternal units, and they can cross placenta. Fetal\u2010derived exosomes released under term labor\u2010associated conditions can cause parturition\u2010associated changes in maternal uterine tissues. Exosomes carrying inflammatory cargo can cause preterm birth in animal models suggesting their functional role in parturition. A few reports have profiled differences between exosome cargos from term and preterm pregnancies and indicated their biomarker potential to predict high\u2010risk pregnancy status. There are hardly any reports on MVs and their functional roles in reproduction. Herein, we review of EVs and MVs, their characteristics, function, and usefulness predicting adverse pregnancy complications such as preterm birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T13:58:55Z","timestamp":1601042335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Extracellular vesicles in spontaneous preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9213-6105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramkumar","family":"Menon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine &amp; Perinatal Research Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hend","family":"Shahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine &amp; Perinatal Research Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston TX 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