{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:39:59Z","timestamp":1792550399643,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015138","name":"J. Willard and Alice S. Marriott Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Associations between immune dysfunction conditions (eg, systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis) and endometriosis have been observed in adult women, but not assessed among a younger population. We investigated the association between immune\u2010mediated conditions and endometriosis among young women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional analysis in the Women's Health Study: From Adolescence to Adulthood included 551 participants with surgically diagnosed endometriosis (median age=19) and 652 controls without endometriosis (median age=24). Participants completed an expanded Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonization Project questionnaire. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to investigate the associations between autoimmune\/inflammatory, atopic, chronic pain\/fatigue, and endocrine disorders with endometriosis, adjusting for confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with any autoimmune and\/or inflammatory condition had an increased odds of co\u2010occurring endometriosis (OR: 1.87; CI: 0.92\u20133.80), as did participants with allergies (OR: 1.76; CI: 1.32\u20132.36), asthma (OR: 1.35; CI: 0.97\u20131.88), chronic fatigue syndrome and\/or fibromyalgia (OR: 5.81; CI: 1.89\u201317.9), or previous mononucleosis (OR: 1.75; CI: 1.14\u20132.68). Odds of endometriosis were lower among participants with eczema (OR: 0.68; CI: 0.44\u20131.04). We observed a positive trend between the number of immune\u2010mediated conditions and the odds of endometriosis (p\u2010trend=0.0002). Endocrine disorders were not associated with endometriosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among this population of adolescents and adult women, endometriosis was more likely among participants with autoimmune and\/or inflammatory diseases, allergies, asthma, previous mononucleosis infection, and chronic fatigue and\/or fibromyalgia. We observed that an increasing number of immune\u2010mediated conditions were positively associated with endometriosis risk. It is important for clinicians who care for adolescents and women with these conditions to consider endometriosis as a comorbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T17:50:56Z","timestamp":1613325056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Co\u2010occurrence of immune\u2010mediated conditions and endometriosis among adolescents and adult women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4267-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy L","family":"Shafrir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine Department of Pediatrics Boston Children\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Boston Center for Endometriosis Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa C.","family":"Palmor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Center for Endometriosis Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Fourquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Program Ponce Health Sciences University Ponce Puerto Rico"},{"name":"Department of Health and Human Services City of Hartford Hartford CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy D.","family":"DiVasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine Department of Pediatrics Boston Children\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Boston Center for Endometriosis Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Division of Gynecology Department of Surgery Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie V.","family":"Farland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health The University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison F.","family":"Vitonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Center for Endometriosis Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly R","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Epidemiology Division of Public Health Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc R.","family":"Laufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Center for Endometriosis Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Division of Gynecology Department of Surgery Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Center for Endometriosis Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. 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