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Recruited patients included primary URSA with two or more miscarriages at &lt;12\u00a0weeks gestation, secondary URSA with previous live birth before two or more miscarriages, and UI with inability to conceive after 2\u00a0years of regular unprotected intercourse or in vitro fertilizations (IVF). PIT treated were compared with untreated controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary URSA: live birth was 241\/416 (58%) versus 64\/282 (23%) controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Up to age 35, success was 158\/217 (73%) and 37\/144 (26%) controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). With 3 or more previous URSA, success was 90\/135 (67%) versus 17\/79 (22%) controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Between ages 36 and 40, success was 69\/147(47%) versus 22\/98 (22%) controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0003), with 3 or more previous URSA live birth was 45\/95 (47%) versus 6\/46 (13%) controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). In UI, live birth was 99\/298 (33%) versus 54\/263 (21%) in controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0009) that increased under age 35 to 53\/116 (46%) in treated versus 26\/101 (26%) controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0056). In PIT treated, IVF success required a median of 1 (1.37\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.67) versus a median of 3 IVF procedures (2.75\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.84) in controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PIT is a successful treatment for primary and secondary URSA, and UI. PIT reduced the number of IVF required for achieving pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T16:06:09Z","timestamp":1615997169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of paternal lymphocyte immunotherapy and potential biomarker mixed lymphocyte reaction\u2010blocking factor in an Argentinian cohort of women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and unexplained infertility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8907-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Fainboim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunogenetics Laboratory INIGEM, CONICET\u2010UBA, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, University of Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4266-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Bel\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunogenetics Laboratory INIGEM, CONICET\u2010UBA, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, University of Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunogenetics Laboratory INIGEM, CONICET\u2010UBA, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, University of Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunogenetics Laboratory INIGEM, CONICET\u2010UBA, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, University of Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Who: Recommended Definitions Terminology and Format for Statistical Tables Related to The Perinatal Period And Use of A New Certificate For Cause of Perinatal Deaths;1977.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016347709162009","DOI":"10.3109\/00016347709162009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gco.0000194112.86051.26"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","article-title":"Optimal evaluation of the infertile female","volume":"86","author":"Examination P","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69204-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90413-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91723-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12055-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-101609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4270-z"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"903","article-title":"Study on positive rate of blocking antibody in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion administered by route and frequency of paternal lymphocyte immunotherapy","volume":"48","author":"Ling YH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.440301.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","article-title":"Characterization of mixed lymphocyte reaction blocking antibodies (MLR\u2010Bf) in human pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Kumar Pandey M","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-003-0560-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00665.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"e98","article-title":"Antinuclear antibodies predict a higher number of pregnancy loss in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"166","author":"Sakthiswary R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"Who Manual Standardized Investigation and Diagnosis Infertile Couple. 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