{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:58:18Z","timestamp":1787061498016,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal immunological rejection of the semi\u2010allogenic fetus is discussed as one of the significant factors involved in early pregnancy loss. An array of cytokines secreted by both maternal and fetal cells is involved in generating a delicate maternal immune tolerance. Interleukin\u20107 (IL\u20107) is discussed to play a key role in pro\u2010inflammatory processes, but there is still limited insight into the pathophysiological input on placentation and embryonic development in early pregnancy loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cytokine level differences were identified with quantitative real\u2010time PCR in placental tissue from spontaneous abortions (SA) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a018), recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a015), and healthy pregnancies (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a015) at gestational weeks 7 to 14. Protein expression of IL\u20107 in the decidua was investigated by immunohistochemistry. IL\u20107\u2010expressing cells were identified with double\u2010immunofluorescence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Decidua of women with RSA expressed almost 51\u2010times higher values of IL\u20107 in gene expression analysis. Immunohistochemistry identified a significant upregulation of IL\u20107 in the decidua of RSA specimens (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.013) and in the decidua of women with SA (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.004). Double\u2010immunofluorescence confirmed decidual stroma cells as IL\u20107\u2010expressing cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significantly elevated IL\u20107 values in the decidua of spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages imply a crucial role of the cytokine in the signaling at the feto\u2010maternal interface of the placenta. An overexpression of IL\u20107 could result in early pregnancy loss by inducing a pro\u2010inflammatory environment. Proven to be valuable in other autoimmune diseases, targeting IL\u20107 signaling therapeutically may prove to be a very beneficial treatment option for RSA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T05:45:47Z","timestamp":1619934347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The decidual expression of Interleukin\u20107 is upregulated in early pregnancy loss"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0452-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Vilsmaier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Munich LMU Munich 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