{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:34:55Z","timestamp":1790685295208,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009156","name":"Nantong Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JC2018005 (to Z.Z.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JC2018005 (to Z.Z.)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic endometritis (CE) can cause infertility. <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic> is an opportunistic pathogen that is often found in the endometrium of CE patients. However, the mechanisms by which <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic> affects endometrial health are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism how extracellular superoxide produced by <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic> affected the endometrial receptivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Superoxide production was blocked by deleting <jats:italic>menB<\/jats:italic> gene in <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic> OG1RF. Endometrial epithelial cells were infected by superoxide\u2010producing <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic> OG1RF and superoxide\u2010deficient strain WY84. Inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and biomarkers for the endometrial receptivity were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection of endometrial epithelial cells with superoxide\u2010producing <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic> OG1RF induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, promoted apoptosis, and down\u2010regulated expression of receptivity biomarkers compared to uninfected control. In contrast, superoxide\u2010deficient <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic> WY84\u00a0had little effect on inflammatory cytokine production, apoptosis, and endometrial receptivity biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extracellular superoxide produced by <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic> is an important virulence factor for <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced endometritis leading to reduced receptivity of endometrial epithelial cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T15:32:37Z","timestamp":1621092757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Extracellular superoxide produced by <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i> reduces endometrial receptivity via inflammatory injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Zhanhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 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