{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T01:21:27Z","timestamp":1769563287659,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]],"date-time":"2021-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>The embryo of an oocyte donation (OD) pregnancy is completely allogeneic to the mother, which may challenge the maternal immune system to tolerize the fetus. Decidual macrophages are essential in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, and type 2 macrophages may exhibit immune suppressive activity. We hypothesized that the composition of decidual macrophages is different between uncomplicated OD pregnancies and non\u2010OD in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies, and is related to fetal\u2010maternal incompatibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with uncomplicated pregnancy were enrolled: 25 singleton OD pregnancies and 17 non\u2010OD IVF pregnancies. The extent of immunohistochemical staining of CD14 (pan\u2010macrophage marker) and CD163 (type 2 macrophage marker) in both decidua basalis and parietalis was quantitated by digital image analysis. Maternal and fetal DNA was typed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)\u2010A, \u2010B, C, \u2010DRB1, and \u2010DQB1, and fetal\u2010maternal HLA mismatches were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>OD pregnancies showed a higher percentage of CD163+ staining (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.040) and higher CD163\/CD14 ratio (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.032) in the parietalis than non\u2010OD IVF. The OD group was separated into a semi\u2010allogeneic group (\u22645 fetal maternal HLA mismatches) and a fully allogeneic group (&gt;\u00a05 mismatches). The HLA\u2010fully\u2010allogeneic OD group, but not the HLA\u2010semi\u2010allogeneic OD group, showed significantly elevated CD163\/CD14 ratio in the parietalis compared with the non\u2010OD IVF group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uncomplicated OD pregnancies display a higher CD163\u2010positive cell fraction in the total decidual macrophage population compared to autologous pregnancies, which may suggest that a local type 2 macrophage\u2010related mechanism is needed to compensate for the higher fetal\u2010maternal HLA mismatch load.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T06:59:23Z","timestamp":1636095563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Uncomplicated oocyte donation pregnancies display an elevated CD163\u2010positive type 2 macrophage load in the decidua, which is associated with fetal\u2010maternal HLA mismatches"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4620-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuezi","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaveri T. S.","family":"Aiyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna M.","family":"Kapsenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dave L.","family":"Roelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Louise","family":"van der Hoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Eikmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden 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