{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:50:59Z","timestamp":1791618659239,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a daunting obstacle in in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), leading to poor reproductive outcomes. We aim to characterize the T cell and cytokine profiles in follicular fluid (FF) and elucidate its contribution to the development of DOR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 92 infertile women were enrolled in the study. We assessed the ultrastructure, proliferation, and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs). The levels of CCL5 and cytokines in FF was measured. Additionally, we classified the T cells and analyzed cytokines production in T cell. We further verified whether CCL5 can recruit specific T cell subcytes to the follicles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytoplasmic vacuolization, nucleolar dissociation, partial shortening, swelling, and fusion of mitochondrial cristae were obvious in GCs with DOR. The proliferation of GCs decreased and the proportion of apoptosis increased in DOR. The down\u2010regulation of Bcl\u20102 and up\u2010regulation of caspase3 were seen in GCs with DOR. The number of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and proportion of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \/CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in DOR exceeded the control. Higher positive percentage of CD69, CCR5, and IFN\u2010\u03b3 in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, lower positive percentage of IL\u201010 in CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and PD\u20101 in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells were detected in DOR. CCL5 accumulated promoting\u00a0the recruitment of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells to the follicles on interaction with CCR5.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The abnormal proportion of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and elevated CCL5 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 may change the immune balance\u00a0in FF and impair the growth of GCs, which in turn fuel the progression of DOR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T15:44:52Z","timestamp":1641829492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Altered T lymphocyte subtypes and cytokine profiles in follicular fluid associated with diminished ovary 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