{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T18:09:07Z","timestamp":1765994947514,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interferon epsilon (IFN\u03b5) is a unique type I IFN that is expressed in response to sex steroids. Studies suggest that type I IFNs regulate inflammation\u2010induced preterm birth (PTB), but no study has examined the role of IFN\u03b5 in human pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used stored vaginal swabs between 8 and 26\u00a0weeks of gestation from the Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS) biobank and measured IFN\u03b5 by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 29 women with spontaneous preterm births, 34 women with medically indicated preterm births, and 134 women with term births were included. Secondary outcomes included a preterm birth with chorioamnionitis and preeclampsia with a preterm birth. Logistic regression calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for maternal age, race, body mass index, prior pregnancy complications, lower genital tract infections, chronic health conditions, and gestational age at blood draw.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant association between IFN\u03b5 and spontaneous preterm birth (OR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> 1.0, 0.8\u20131.3) or chorioamnionitis (OR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> 1.6, 0.7\u20133.5). A trend toward increased odds of medically indicated preterm birth (OR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>. 1.3, 1.0\u20131.8) was observed. This was likely due to elevated IFN\u03b5 among women with preterm preeclampsia (OR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>. 2.0, 95% CI 1.3\u20133.2). While exploratory, our novel findings suggest that larger longitudinal studies of IFN\u03b5 across human pregnancy may be warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T13:27:04Z","timestamp":1644586024000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Interferon epsilon and preterm birth subtypes; a new piece of the type I interferon puzzle during pregnancy?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8234-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandie DePaoli","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Basic Science and Translational Research University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health University of Texas Medical Branch\u2010Galveston  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Criscitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology College of Medicine Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyne","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public Health Temple University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Norwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology College of 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