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We measured thirteen cytokines and antimicrobial peptides previously associated with HIV acquisition in vaginal swabs using Luminex and ELISA, before, and at 1 and 3 months after contraceptive initiation. Women were grouped according to an overall baseline inflammatory profile. We evaluated modification of the relationships between contraceptives and immune mediators by baseline inflammation, demographic, and clinical factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Overall, LNG implant and copper IUD initiation were associated with increases in inflammatory cytokines, while no changes were observed following DMPA\u2010IM initiation. However, when stratifying by baseline inflammatory profile, women with low baseline inflammation in all groups experienced significant increases in inflammatory cytokines, while those with a high baseline inflammatory profile experienced no change or decreases in inflammatory cytokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>We conclude that pre\u2010contraceptive initiation immune profile modifies the effect of contraceptives on the FGT innate immune response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T13:58:12Z","timestamp":1649426292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Genital inflammatory status and the innate immune response to contraceptive initiation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Radzey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious 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