{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:19:28Z","timestamp":1788826768379,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K20196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K20196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>NK cell and macrophage function are decreased in endometriosis, and the disease may involve reduced immune surveillance in the peritoneal cavity. NK cell cytotoxicity and migration ability (chemotaxis) are considered important; the former has been investigated, but the latter has not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared chemotaxis of immunocompetent cells (NK cells, macrophages, T cells) in peritoneal fluid obtained during laparoscopy in 27 women with and 13 without endometriosis. Peripheral blood NK cells were also obtained by the peripheral blood antibody beads method. Micro\u2010cultured cells were examined by time\u2010lapse photography, and the mean migration speed per cell was calculated as the chemotaxis. We investigated the relationship between chemotaxis and endometriosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>NK cell chemotaxis was significantly lower in the endometriosis group. Macrophages and lymphocytes were not significantly different between the groups. During menstruation, NK cell chemotaxis decreased in both groups. Postmenstrual chemotaxis was increased significantly in women without endometriosis but remained low in women with endometriosis. The Revised\u2010American Society for Reproductive Medicine score was not correlated with chemotaxis; in women with endometriosis, chemotaxis was decreased even at early stages. Peripheral blood NK cells showed no significant differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women with endometriosis, not only cytotoxicity but also chemotaxis by NK cells in peritoneal cavity is significantly decreased, and particularly chemotaxis is decreased throughout the menstrual cycle. Therefore, antigens in retrograde menstrual blood that enters the peritoneal cavity might be left unprocessed. Repetition of this immune process in the peritoneal cavity may lead to the onset and subsequent progression of endometriosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T16:34:02Z","timestamp":1650645242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Peritoneal natural killer cell chemotaxis is decreased in women with pelvic endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4096-9521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Ushiwaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kochi Medical School  Kochi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinpei","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kochi Medical School  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chika","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kochi Medical School  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoko","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kochi Medical School  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamami","family":"Tsuzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aki General Hospital  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayo","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kochi Medical School  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Izumiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kochi Medical School  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagamasa","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kochi Medical School  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)30003-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"745","article-title":"Stand der frage der adenomyositis und adenomyom im allgemeinen und insbesonderes ueber adenomyositis seroepithelialis und adeno\u2010myometritis sarcomatosa","volume":"36","author":"Meyer R","year":"1919","journal-title":"Zbl Gynaekol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The role of cell\u2010mediated immunity in pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"159","author":"Dmowski WP","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.01207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00332.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54414-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55224-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986711794088416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000292720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2916070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01592-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/S353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.71.2.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"(1998) Modern concepts of endometriosis. Classification and its consequences for therapy","volume":"43","author":"Schenken RS","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/896786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04836-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.71.2.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Chemokines, G proteins and natural killer cells","volume":"48","author":"Maghazachi AA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0602272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.15.8629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1976.0095"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.13556","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aji.13556","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.13556","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T11:02:57Z","timestamp":1692615777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.13556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aji.13556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.13556","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13556"}}