{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:51:19Z","timestamp":1792464679385,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the effect of anti\u2010nuclear antibodies (ANAs) on the outcome of in vitro fertilization\u2010embryo transplantation (IVF\u2010ET) and to study the effect of ANAs in follicular fluid (FF) on embryonic development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of ANAs in FF of patients treated with IVF\u2010ET and healthy group. The patients were divided into ANAs\u2010positive group and ANA\u2010negative group. The age, duration of infertility, body mass index (BMI), basic follicle stimulating hormone (bFSH), anti\u2010Mullerian hormone (AMH), number of retrieved oocytes, portion of metaphase II oocytes (MII), number of embryos in the cleavage stage, bipronuclear (2PN), number of embryos, number of high\u2010quality embryos and the outcome of IVF\u2010ET were compared between the two groups. In vitro, HTR8\/SVneo trophoblast cells were cultivated and divided into ANAs\u2010negative group (control group) and ANAs\u2010positive group (ANAs\u2010positive FF was added to cytotrophoblasts). The ANAs titer in the serum and FF of patients who treated with IVF\u2010ET was detected using ELSIA method. CCK\u20108 assay and flow cytometry (at 24 h and at 48 h) were used to detect the cell proliferation and apoptosis frequency of the two groups, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among those who underwent IVF\u2010ET treatment, the number of retrieved oocytes, the number of fertilization and the portion of MII oocytes in the FF\u2010positive group were significantly lower than those in the FF\u2010negative group. Furthermore, the implantation rate and the clinical pregnancy rate were decreased, and early miscarriage rate was increased in the FF\u2010positive patients than those in the FF\u2010negative patients. In vitro, the cytotrophoblasts proliferation activity in the ANAs group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Moreover, the cytotrophoblasts apoptosis rate in the ANAs group was significantly higher than that in the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data suggested that ANAs in FF might become an obstacle to embryonic development through promoting trophoblast apoptosis and inhibiting trophoblast proliferation. ANAs in FF might be an unfavorable factor for the outcome of those who undergo IVF\u2010ET treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T06:24:35Z","timestamp":1651645475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Antinuclear antibodies in follicular fluid may be a risk factor in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5311-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suqin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine  2 Qiaosong Road Shenyang China"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Liaoning Institute of Basic Medicine  2 Qiaosong Road Shenyang 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