{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T10:35:36Z","timestamp":1777113336479,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007279","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Placenta accreta (PA) is defined by an abnormal invasion of placental trophoblasts into the myometrium, which can lead to serious postpartum complications. Macrophages play an important role in the regulation of trophoblast function. Both granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) and its receptor (granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor receptor, G\u2010CSFR) have effects on trophoblast invasion. However, the current understanding of G\u2010CSF secretion, G\u2010CSFR expression, abnormal polarization of decidual macrophages (dM\u03d5) in PA and the abnormal invasion of placental trophoblasts into the myometrium are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>The polarization of dM\u03d5 in PA was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), and the expression of G\u2010CSFR in placental trophoblasts in PA was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In an in vitro co\u2010culture model, we investigated the effects of HTR\u20108\/SVneo trophoblasts cell line (HTR\u20108) on macrophage human monocyte cell line (THP\u20101) polarization and G\u2010CSF secretion, and we also analyzed the effects of THP\u20101 cells, especially M2\u2010like subtype, on primary trophoblasts and HTR\u20108 proliferation, invasion, and adhesion. FCM, transwell assays, adhesion assays, and proliferation assays were used in the above model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9), dM\u03d5 showed significantly lower levels of M1 markers CD80 and CD86 and higher levels of the M2 markers CD163 and CD206, and G\u2010CSFR expression of placental trophoblasts was increased in PA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5). In vitro experiments showed that the trophoblast HTR\u20108 cell line induced polarization of THP\u20101 cells to an M2\u2010like subtype and increased their secretion of G\u2010CSF. Furthermore, IL\u20104\/IL\u201013\u2010induced M2\u2010like THP\u20101 macrophages were able to increase the expression of G\u2010CSFR, proliferation, invasion and adhesion of both primary trophoblasts and HTR\u20108 trophoblasts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is an altered immune imbalance at the maternal\u2010fetal interface in PA, which further may lead to abnormal trophoblast function. G\u2010CSF and its receptors may play important roles in abnormal polarization of macrophages and abnormal invasion of trophoblasts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T11:55:10Z","timestamp":1661342110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Macrophage polarization in placenta accreta and macrophage\u2010trophoblast interactions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9249-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia\u2010hui","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi\u2010meng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of 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Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai 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