{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:22:07Z","timestamp":1790716927330,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is important to evaluate the dynamics of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles, given their potential role in implantation and the common usage of HRT cycles with in vitro fertilization (IVF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 132 subfertile patients were evaluated during the secretory phase of either natural ovulation (OV) or HRT cycles, with two biopsies taken on approximately days 5 and 10 after ovulation\/progesterone administration in a single menstrual cycle. Immunohistochemical Personal Endometrial Maturation Analysis (PEMA) was used to better quantify secretory\u2010phase endometrial development, in combination with subsequent evaluation of uNK cell density.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>uNK cell density increased rapidly from the early to mid\u2010secretory phase, with mean uNK densities of 113 and 117 per mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in first biopsies and 315 and 387 per mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in second biopsies for OV and HRT cycles, respectively. After reassessment of endometrial development with PEMA, the first and second biopsies in HRT and OV cycles were histologically dated to developmental ranges between days 15\u201320 (first biopsy) and days 19\u201325 (second biopsy).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subfertile women showed variable endometrial development in PEMA assessment, with uNK cell density correlating with the dating results. Overall, comparable levels of uNK cell density were observed in OV and HRT cycles. Importantly, uNK cell density depends on the histological maturation stage, with similar low coefficients of determination. This observation suggests that aberrant uNK cell results more likely reflect displaced endometrial maturation, rather than an intrinsic anomaly in uNK cell trafficking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T08:13:58Z","timestamp":1663920838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Individual dynamics of uterine natural killer cells in natural and stimulated cycles monitored using a new endometrial dating method"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Joachim","family":"Alfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich\u2010Alexander University of Erlangen\u2013N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"},{"name":"Kaufbeuren\u2010Ravensburg Institute of Pathology  Ravensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Fattahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich\u2010Alexander University of Erlangen\u2013N\u00fcrnberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Bleisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich\u2010Alexander University of Erlangen\u2013N\u00fcrnberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Antoniadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich\u2010Alexander University of Erlangen\u2013N\u00fcrnberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Krieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinderwunschzentrum Amberg  Amberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Dittrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich\u2010Alexander University of Erlangen\u2013N\u00fcrnberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias W.","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich\u2010Alexander University of Erlangen\u2013N\u00fcrnberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arndt","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich\u2010Alexander University of Erlangen\u2013N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana M.","family":"Popovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinderwunsch im Zentrum K\u0457z  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelton","family":"Tremellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Flinders University  South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoab011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(92)90227-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(11)91568-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(91)90058-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0634-1813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1056-3148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.1999.0520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0b013e328361429b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0000000000000111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92955-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-111899"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Relaxin and the control of primate parturition","volume":"118","author":"Weiss G","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ital J Anat Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61745-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-021-06086-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"849","article-title":"Therapeutics with hormones of the ovary: (section of therapeutics and pharmacology)","volume":"27","author":"Kaufmann C","year":"1934","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Granular endometrial stroma cells","volume":"11","author":"Hamperl H","year":"1958","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.02.022"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.13620","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aji.13620","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.13620","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T05:40:40Z","timestamp":1692682840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.13620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aji.13620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.13620","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13620"}}