{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:18:31Z","timestamp":1765484311038,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81601416","82001641","82071650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81601416","82001641","82071650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010Ro\/SSA and\/or anti\u2010La\/SSB (anti\u2010SSA\/SSB) antibodies impair pregnancy outcomes, including embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance. Optimal endometrial immune status is essential for successful pregnancy. However, whether these antibodies affect endometrial immune status is still unclear. Menstrual blood can be collected non\u2010invasively, differs from peripheral blood, and can reflect the endometrial immune status. We herein focused on changes in subsets of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells in menstrual blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Menstrual blood samples from anti\u2010SSA\/SSB antibody\u2013positive (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a018) and anti\u2010SSA\/SSB antibody\u2013negative control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08) women were collected, and the profile of lymphocyte subsets was analyzed. The phenotypes of menstrual blood CD49a\u2212 and CD49a+ NK cells were compared, and the abundance of NK and CD49a+ NK cells in menstrual blood of the two groups was assessed. Additionally, CD4+T and CD8+T cells were investigated for their ability to secret functional cytokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Menstrual blood contains a large number of (mostly CD49a+) NK cells, which exhibited a more exhausted phenotype with greater expression of the immune checkpoint molecules programmed cell death protein 1 and Tim\u20103 compared to CD49a\u2212 conventional NK cells. CD8+T cells in menstrual blood from anti\u2010SSA\/SSB antibody\u2013positive women produced a stronger response after stimulation, accompanied by increased interferon\u2010\u03b3, tumor necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1, and granzyme B secretion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05, separately).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Menstrual blood cell composition differs between anti\u2010SSA\/SSB antibody\u2013positive women and normal controls, especially in terms of CD49a+ NK cells and CD8+T cells, unbalancing the immune cell composition and inflammatory uterine microenvironment and possibly contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T15:23:25Z","timestamp":1664637805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anti\u2010Ro\/SSA and\/or anti\u2010La\/SSB antibodies are associated with adverse endometrial status"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Fangting","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2842-2219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanshi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rentao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiannan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and 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