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Both FGTB and latent genital tuberculosis (LGTB) can cause infertility through blockage of fallopian tubes and through altered uterine endometrial receptivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review tries to elucidates the role of various immune factors in FGTB and LGTB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Content<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various immune disturbances are observed in FGTB and LGTB like growth factors and cytokines which inhibit implantation and several inflammatory signaling pathways like mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), natural killer (NK) cells, nuclear factor kappa\u2010B (NF\u2010KB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and toll like receptors (TLR) signaling are dysregulated. These altered immune factors and pathways may be detected in the endometrial biopsies at the early stages of disease before permanent damage. Prompt and adequate treatment with the four anti\u2010tubercular drugs (rifampicin [R], isoniazid [H], pyrazinamide [Z], and ethambutol [E]) can increase pregnancy rates in some of these women. Assisted reproduction especially in\u2010vitro fertilization and embryo transfer may be required for some women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammatory pathways identified from the gene profiling have enabled development of potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of FGTB. Immunomodulation and novel biotechniques like stem cell transplantation, nanoparticles and host directed therapies are being tried in selected patients of FGTB and LGTB with promising results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T05:24:15Z","timestamp":1670649855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Immune disturbances in female genital tuberculosis and latent genital tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jai Bhagwan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshani","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine KU School of Medicine  Wichita Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sona","family":"Dharmendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheena","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","volume-title":"WHO global tuberculosis report 2020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017871"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01348-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30288-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-021-01523-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","first-page":"S71","article-title":"Female genital tuberculosis: revisited","volume":"148","author":"Sharma JB","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","first-page":"425","article-title":"Genital tuberculosis in females","volume":"145","author":"Grace A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05956-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2020.10.005"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","first-page":"448","article-title":"Index\u2010TB guidelines: guidelines on extrapulmonary tuberculosis for India","volume":"145","author":"Sharma SK","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","unstructured":"Central TB Division of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare under Government of India.National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis: 2017\u20132025 Elimination by 2025 [Internet].2017. 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