{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:50:13Z","timestamp":1793393413986,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premature birth is a common obstetric complication but its pathogenesis is unclear.\u00a0Inflammation at the maternal\u2010fetal interface in preterm labor leads to the infiltration of neutrophils, which promotes inflammatory responses and induces the degradation of extracellular matrix and cell apoptosis, thus contributing to preterm labor.\u00a0It is unclear whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a functional form of neutrophils, are involved in preterm labor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>After collecting amniotic membranes from research objects, we localized NETs by immunofluorescence and evaluated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)\u20109 and MMP\u20102 by western blotting. Primary human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) subjected to treatment with NETs, 5\u2010ethynyl\u201020\u2010deoxyuridine cell proliferation assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, western blotting, and flow cytometry apoptosis assay were used to determine the effects of NETs on hAECs. We also elucidated possible mechanisms underlying the effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with normal term women, NETs infiltration and MMP\u20109 expression in the amniotic membrane from preterm women had increased.\u00a0Thereafter, NETs might suppress the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of hAECs.\u00a0Furthermore, after NETs treatment, the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased, ERK1\/2 phosphorylation expression was upregulated and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased in hAECs.\u00a0Changes in cell proliferation, LDH release, and cell apoptosis level due to NETs could be reversed by ROS inhibitor or ERK phosphorylation inhibitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NETs can promote the apoptosis of hAECs via ERK1\/2 pathways dependent on ROS release.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T16:48:25Z","timestamp":1669049305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["NETs promote ROS production to induce human amniotic epithelial cell apoptosis via ERK1\/2 signaling in spontaneous preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6337-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Shandong Provincial Hospital Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital  Jinan Shandong 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