{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:04:40Z","timestamp":1783649080753,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01 DK131936\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 DK131936\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01 AI123002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 AI123002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>The genital epithelial barrier is a crucial first line of defence against HIV, and epithelial disruption may enhance HIV susceptibility. Assessment of genital epithelial integrity requires biopsies, but their collection is not practical in many research settings. A validated biomarker of genital epithelial barrier integrity would therefore be useful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate soluble E\u2010cadherin (sE\u2010cad) as a marker of genital epithelial disruption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using in vitro models of endocervical and foreskin epithelial cells, we assessed changes in sE\u2010cad, IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20101\u03b1 levels following mechanical disruption. We also assessed changes in sE\u2010cad levels in vivo in cervicovaginal secretions after epithelial disruption by endocervical cytobrush sampling in Canadian women, and assessed the relationship between levels of sE\u2010cad in coronal sulcus swabs to membrane\u2010bound E\u2010cadherin in the overlying foreskin tissue in Ugandan men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>sE\u2010cad levels immediately increased after in vitro epithelial physical disruption with the degree of elevation dependent on the extent of disruption, as did levels of IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20101\u03b1; this was followed by a delayed increase in IL\u20106 levels. In vivo results confirmed that sE\u2010cad levels in cervicovaginal secretions were elevated 6\u00a0h after cytobrush sampling when compared to baseline. Furthermore, levels of sE\u2010cad in the prepuce were inversely correlated with the amount of membrane\u2010bound E\u2010cadherin of overlying tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results validate the use of sE\u2010cad as a marker of epithelial disruption and demonstrate that the processes of physical disruption and inflammation in the genital tract are strongly intertwined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T05:23:56Z","timestamp":1672723436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Soluble E\u2010cadherin: A marker of genital epithelial disruption"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5898-7192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Constable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lane B","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avid","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald M","family":"Galiwango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Huibner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie C","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L","family":"Prodger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Coburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Immunology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"Kaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute University Health Network  Toronto Ontario 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