{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:18:57Z","timestamp":1788182337870,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Draining lymph nodes (LNs) are pivotal sites for maintaining tolerance to self\u2010antigens as well as eliciting immune responses to exogenous antigens. The epididymis is a male reproductive organ with a unique local immune environment. Although mice are the most commonly used laboratory animals for immunology research, there are no detailed descriptions of the anatomical location and function of LNs that drain the epididymis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evans blue labeling was utilized to explore lymphatic drainage of the epididymis in eight\u2010 to ten\u2010week\u2010old male C57BL\/6 mice. We confirmed the lymphatic drainage of the epididymis in mice using the objective technique of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)\u2010labeled cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>By combined Evans blue labeling and fluorescent labeling, we found that 1) the patterns of epididymal LN drainage are highly heterogeneous between individual mice; 2) the leftside LNs participate in drainage more frequently than the right\u2010side LNs; and 3) epididymal lymphatic drainage bypasses both the paraaortic and renal LNs in some mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data highlighted the need to consider the individual variation in and lateral asymmetry of draining LNs when characterizing the regional immunology of the mouse epididymis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T12:33:15Z","timestamp":1673958795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Individual variation in and lateral asymmetry of mouse epididymal draining lymph nodes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Center Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Center Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaojun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick Z.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhichao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Center Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1222"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"The route of peripheral lymph to the blood stream; 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