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This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and functions of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells to understand the pathological mechanisms of chronic endometritis (CE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty patients who underwent hysteroscopic and histopathological examinations for CE were divided into three groups\u2014those with positive results for hysteroscopy and CD138 staining (DP), negative results for hysteroscopy but positive CD138 staining (SP), and negative results for hysteroscopy and CD138 staining (DN). The phenotypes of B cells and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD138<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells were mainly expressed in the non\u2010leukocyte population of the endometria, and the endometrial CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD138<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells were fewer than the CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD138<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. The percentage of Tfh cells increased with chronic inflammation in the endometria. Additionally, the elevated percentage of Tfh cells correlated with the number of miscarriages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, particularly Tfh cells, may be critical in chronic endometrial inflammation and affect its microenvironment, thereby regulating endometrial receptivity, compared to B cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T06:01:16Z","timestamp":1682402476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Follicular helper T lymphocytes in the endometria of patients with reproductive failure: Association with pregnancy outcomes and inflammatory status of the endometria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 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