{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:27:16Z","timestamp":1753878436575,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a global health issue. Studies suggest infection and infection\u2010based inflammatory responses are major risk factors for sPTB. Considering the important role of anti\u2010inflammatory proteins in pregnancy, the study aimed to find the association between anti\u2010inflammatory <jats:italic>LGALS13<\/jats:italic> gene variants IVS2\u201022 A\/G (rs2233706) and IVS3+72 T\/A (rs2233708) and the risk of sPTB during <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic> infection in Indian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Placental samples of 160 sPTB and 160 term women were collected. Pathogens were detected by PCR. The genotyping of <jats:italic>LGALS<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>13<\/jats:italic> gene variants IVS2\u201022 A\/G (rs2233706) and IVS3+72 T\/A (rs2233708) was done by qualitative real\u2010time PCR using allelic discrimination method (VIC\u2010 and FAM\u2010labeled).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of AG or GG genotype of LGALS13 IVS2\u201022A\/G polymorphism (rs2233706) was 75.5% in infected sPTB cases and 14.4% in uninfected sPTB cases and 7.3% in term birth controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), while the frequency of TA or AA genotype of <jats:italic>LGALS13<\/jats:italic> IVS3+72T\/A polymorphism (rs2233708) was 83.6% in infected sPTB cases and 18% in uninfected sPTB cases and 12.7% in term birth controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). The genotypic frequencies for both the variants of <jats:italic>LGALS13<\/jats:italic> were statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) in the infected sPTB versus uninfected sPTB and term birth controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study reveals strong association between the presence of immunological gene variants <jats:italic>LGALS13<\/jats:italic> IVS2\u201022 A\/G (rs2233706) and <jats:italic>LGALS13<\/jats:italic> IVS3+72 T\/A (rs2233708) and risk of sPTB during <jats:italic>C. trachomatis, M. hominis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T06:43:37Z","timestamp":1690613017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intronic variants of <i>LGALS13<\/i> gene encoding placental protein (PP13) are linked with increased risk of infection\u2010associated spontaneous preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Tanu","family":"Bhati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology Laboratory ICMR\u2010National Institute of Pathology Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology Laboratory ICMR\u2010National Institute of Pathology Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renu","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi 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