{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:18:28Z","timestamp":1753877908628,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/jats:italic> is a mycoplasma commonly associated with female reproductive pathologies, such as preterm birth and infertility. It can survive intracellularly and utilize exosomes to propagate infection and its virulence factors. This study explored the differential protein composition of exosomes derived from normal and <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected cells. We also investigated the impact of <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> on exosome biogenesis in ectocervical epithelial cells. Ectocervical epithelial (ECTO) cells were infected with <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic>, and immunocytochemical staining was performed using <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific marker multiple banded antigen (mba) and exosome marker CD9. NanoLC\u2013MS\/MS analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed proteins in exosomes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed to identify affected canonical pathways and biological functions associated with the protein cargo of exosomes. Western blot analysis of ECTO cells validated the proteomic findings in ECTO cells. <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> exhibited colonization of ECTO cells and colocalization with CD9\u2010positive intraluminal vesicles. Proteomic analysis revealed decreased protein abundance and distinct protein profiles in exosomes derived from <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected ECTO cells. Differentially expressed proteins were associated with clathrin\u2010mediated endocytosis and various signaling pathways indicative of infection, inflammation, and cell death processes. Additionally, <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> infection altered proteins involved in exosome biogenesis. In ECTO cells, <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> infection significantly decreased clathrin, ALIX, CD9, and CD63 and significantly increased TSG101, Rab5, Rab35, and UGCG. These findings contribute to our understanding of the infection mechanism and shed light on the importance of exosome\u2010mediated communication in the pathophysiology of diseases affecting the cervix, such as cervicitis and preterm birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T23:47:58Z","timestamp":1701992878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of <i>Ureaplasma parvum<\/i> infection in the exosome biogenesis\u2010related proteins in ectocervical epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4535-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ourlad Alzeus G.","family":"Tantengco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Science and Translational Research Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The University of Texas Medical Branch 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