{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:45:36Z","timestamp":1792464336609,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the potential of five inflammatory and six angiogenic\/antiangiogenic plasma proteins for predicting imminent spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD; \u226414 days of sampling), microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and\/or intraamniotic inflammation (MIAC\/IAI), and composite neonatal morbidity and mortality (CNMM) in women with early preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 76 singleton pregnant women with early PPROM (23\u201330\u00a0weeks). Amniotic fluid obtained via amniocentesis was cultured for microorganism detection and assayed for interleukin\u20106 to define IAI (\u22652.6\u00a0ng\/mL). Plasma C4a, endoglin, endostatin, IGFBP\u20101, IGFBP\u20102, MMP\u20109, PlGF, S100A8, S100A9, S100 A8\/A9, and VEGFR\u20101 levels were determined using ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between (i) high levels of plasma S100A8\/A9, SPTD \u226414 days after sampling, and shorter sampling\u2010to\u2010delivery intervals; (ii) elevated plasma MMP\u20109, S100A9, and S100A8\/A9 levels and MIAC\/IAI, and (iii) decreased plasma endoglin levels and increased CNMM risk, while adjusting for gestational age at sampling (or delivery) and tocolytic use. The area under the curves of the aforementioned proteins ranged from 0.655 to 0.731 for each outcome. Notably, the SPTD risk increased significantly with increasing plasma S100A8\/A9 levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma S100A8\/A9, MMP\u20109, S100A9, and endoglin may represent valuable biomarkers associated with SPTD, MIAC\/IAI, and CNMM in women with early PPROM. Owing to their less invasive nature, repeatability, and fair\u2010to\u2010moderate diagnostic accuracy, these biomarkers may contribute to risk stratification of PPROM\u2010related complications in the clinical setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T04:04:59Z","timestamp":1704859499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Potential of plasma inflammatory and angiogenic mediators for predicting spontaneous preterm delivery, intraamniotic infection\/inflammation, and composite neonatal morbidity\/mortality in women with early preterm premature rupture of membranes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Hyeon Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University 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