{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:41:39Z","timestamp":1789623699082,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women of reproductive age, endometriosis may contribute to dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, infertility, adenomyosis, and endometrial ovarian cyst (EOC). Recent studies have shown that chronic inflammation occurs in the pelvis of endometriosis patients and that this inflammation is exacerbated by immunosuppression, leading to survival endometrial debris. However, the detailed immunological mechanisms underlying the aggravation of inflammation and immunosuppression in endometriosis patients remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigate the alarmins (high\u2010mobility group box\u20101, IL\u201033, IL\u20101\u03b1, and S100B protein), proinflammatory cytokines (IL\u20106 and IL\u20101\u03b2), and immune cells (CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages) in peritoneal fluid of patients with EOC using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, electrochemiluminescence, and flow cytometry. Then, we analyzed the correlation between these factors and the aggravating indicators of endometriosis, tumor size and revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (r\u2010ASRM) score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unexpectedly, there was no correlation between each alarmin level and aggravating indicators. However, the expression of pattern recognition receptors, toll\u2010like receptor 4, and receptor of advanced glycation end\u2010products on macrophages was inversely correlated with aggravating indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aggravation of endometriosis is associated with a decrease in alarmin receptors but not alarmin levels. Investigation of innate immune systems, such as alarmins and their receptors, may help elucidate new mechanisms of endometriosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T04:04:27Z","timestamp":1705377867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Downregulation of pattern recognition receptors on macrophages involved in aggravation of endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6851-4163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School  Tokyo 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