{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:53:18Z","timestamp":1790023998461,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immune factors are crucial in the development of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). This study aimed to investigate whether kisspeptin regulates immune cells at the maternal\u2010fetal interface and whether G protein\u2010coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) is involved in this process, through which it contributes to the pathogenesis of RSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normal pregnancy (NP) (CBA\/J \u00d7 BALB\/c) and RSA (CBA\/J \u00d7 DBA\/2) mouse models were established. NP mice received tail vein injections of PBS and KP234 (blocker of kisspeptin receptor), whereas RSA mice received PBS and KP10 (active fragment of kisspeptin). The changes in immune cells in mouse spleen and uterus were assessed using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The expression of critical cytokines was examined by flow cytometry, ELISA, Western blotting, and qPCR. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the coexpression of FOXP3 and GPR54.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings revealed that the proportion of Treg cells, MDSCs, and M2 macrophages in RSA mice was lower than that in NP mice, but it increased following the tail vein injection of KP10. Conversely, the proportion of these cells was reduced in NP mice after the injection of KP234. However, the trend of \u03b3\u03b4T cell proportion change is contrary to these cells. Furthermore, FOXP3 and GPR54 were coexpressed in mouse spleen and uterus Treg cells as well as in the human decidua samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that kisspeptin potentially participates in the pathogenesis of RSA by influencing immune cell subsets at the maternal\u2010fetal interface, including Treg cells, MDSC cells, \u03b3\u03b4T cells, and M2 macrophages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T05:15:52Z","timestamp":1706764552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Kisspeptin prevents pregnancy loss by modulating the immune microenvironment at the maternal\u2010fetal interface in recurrent spontaneous abortion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8490-5702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saizhe","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanzheng","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology the First 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