{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:25:16Z","timestamp":1753878316490,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent data in nonpregnant individuals suggest a protective effect of influenza vaccination against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and its severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our primary objective was to evaluate whether influenza vaccination was associated with COVID\u201019 severity and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among those infected with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. The secondary objective was to examine the association between influenza vaccination and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort of pregnant people who tested positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 between March and August 2020, and a cohort of random deliveries during the same time period. The associations between 2019 influenza vaccination and the primary outcome of moderate\u2010to\u2010critical COVID\u201019 as well as maternal and perinatal outcomes were examined among all people who tested positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 between March and August 2020. The association between 2019 influenza vaccination and having a positive SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 test was examined among a cohort of individuals who delivered on randomly selected dates between March and August 2020. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 2325 people who tested positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, 1068 (45.9%) were vaccinated against influenza in 2019. Those who received the influenza vaccine were older, leaner, more likely to have private insurance, and identify as White or Hispanic. They were less likely to smoke tobacco and identify as Black. Overall, 419 (18.0%) had moderate, 193 (8.3%) severe, and 52 (2.2%) critical COVID\u201019. There was no association between influenza vaccination and moderate\u2010to\u2010critical COVID\u201019 (29.2%\u00a0vs. 28.0%, adjusted OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.90\u20131.34) or adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among those who tested positive. Of 8152 people who delivered in 2020, 4658 (57.1%) received the influenza vaccine. Prior vaccination was not associated with a difference in the odds of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection (3.8%\u00a0vs. 4.2%, adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.74\u20131.19).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior influenza vaccination was not associated with decreased severity of COVID\u201019 or lower odds of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection in pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T12:15:22Z","timestamp":1720786522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Influenza Vaccination and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7364-4913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwan","family":"Ma'ayeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"de Voest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Washington University Biostatistics Center  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenna L.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Grobman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Saade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy A.","family":"Manuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Eunice Kennedy Shriver<\/i> National Institute of Child Health and Human Development  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyagriv N.","family":"Simhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dwight J.","family":"Rouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Mendez\u2010Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Gyamfi\u2010Bannerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Bailit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maged M.","family":"Costantine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harish M.","family":"Sehdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan T. N.","family":"Tita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torri D.","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah Health Sciences Center  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_2_1","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23575"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_3_1","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23628"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_4_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.12.005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_5_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0285-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_30_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Flu Vaccination May Have a Protective Effect on the Course of COVID\u201019 in the Pediatric Population: When Does Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) Meet Influenza?","volume":"2","author":"Patwardhan A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_7_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.02.012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_8_1","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26120"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_9_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109752"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_10_1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2020-111549"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_11_1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004339"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_12_1","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1190"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_13_1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000345"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_14_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.068"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_15_1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000996"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_16_1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002588"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_17_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.08.037"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_18_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.070"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_19_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.02.014"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_30_20_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.13896","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T03:36:15Z","timestamp":1722310575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.13896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aji.13896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.13896","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1046-7408"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1600-0897"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13896"}}