{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:31:08Z","timestamp":1790364668327,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adenomyosis (AM) is associated with immune response and inflammation. However, the role of T cell subsets in AM development has not been thoroughly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with focal or diffuse AM were recruited. Serum cytokines were quantified by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Different T cell subsets in the blood and ectopic endometrium were determined by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) and macrophage\u2010colony\u2010stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF) were increased in patients with focal or diffuse AM before focused ultrasound ablation surgery\u00a0(FUAS), but not after FUAS. Compared with the healthy control, the frequencies of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3)\u2010expressing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), interleukin\u201017A (IL\u201017A)\u2010expressing Tc17 cells, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T helper 1 (Th1) cells, and GM\u2010CSF\u2010expressing T helper (ThGM) cells were up\u2010regulated in the blood of patients with AM, especially those with diffuse AM. However, these changes were eradicated after FUAS. Meanwhile, the frequencies of these T cell subsets were positively correlated with the CA\u2010125 level. Furthermore, these T cell subsets were also increased in ectopic endometrium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study delineates for the first time the presence of CTLs, Tc17 cells, Th1, and ThGM cells in the blood and ectopic endometrium in AM. The results imply that T cell response might impact AM development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T16:37:46Z","timestamp":1721752666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, Tc17 Cells, Th1 Cells, and ThGM Cells are Increased in the Blood and Ectopic Endometrium of Patients With Adenomyosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Center Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei 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