{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T21:39:32Z","timestamp":1779053972451,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether altered concentrations of various inflammation\/immune\u2010, acute phase\u2010, extracellular matrix\u2010, adhesion\u2010, and serine protease\u2010related proteins in the amniotic fluid (AF) are independently associated with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and\/or intra\u2010amniotic inflammation (MIAC\/IAI), imminent spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD; \u22647 days), and major neonatal morbidity\/mortality (NMM) in women with early preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study involving 111 singleton pregnant women with PPROM (24\u201331 weeks) undergoing amniocentesis to diagnose MIAC\/IAI. The following proteins were measured in stored AF samples by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): APRIL, DKK\u20103, Gal\u20103BP, IGFBP\u20102, IL\u20108, VDBP, lumican, MMP\u20102, MMP\u20108, SPARC, TGFBI, TGF\u2010\u03b21, E\u2010selectin, ICAM\u20105, P\u2010selectin, haptoglobin, hepcidin, SAA1, kallistatin, and uPA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that (i) elevated APRIL, IL\u20108, MMP\u20108, and TGFBI levels in the AF, reduced lumican and SPARC levels in the AF, and high percentages of samples above the lower limit of quantification for AF TGF\u2010\u03b21 and uPA were significantly associated with MIAC\/IAI; (ii) elevated AF levels of IL\u20108 and MMP\u20108 were significantly associated with SPTD within 7 days; and (iii) elevated AF IL\u20106 levels were significantly associated with increased risk for major NMM, when adjusted for baseline covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ECM (lumican, SPRAC, TGFBI, and TGF\u2010\u03b21)\u2010 and serine protease (uPA)\u2010associated proteins in the AF are involved in the regulation of the host response to infection\/inflammation in the amniotic cavity, whereas AF inflammation (IL\u20108, MMP\u20108, and IL\u20106)\u2010associated mediators are implicated in the development of preterm parturition and major NMM in early PPROM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T08:15:08Z","timestamp":1723104908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterization of Inflammation\/Immune\u2010, Acute Phase\u2010, Extracellular Matrix\u2010, Adhesion\u2010, and Serine Protease\u2010Related Proteins in the Amniotic Fluid of Women With Early Preterm Prelabor Rupture of 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