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Having had COVID\u201019 (CV) during pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of a PE\u2010like phenotype. Both PE and CV have long\u2010lasting neurological implications and studies show that nonpregnant COVID patients produce AT1\u2010AA. We have shown that CD4+ T cells from PE women cause a PE phenotype in nude athymic rats. In this study, we sought to examine the role of CD4+ T cells from PE with a CV History (Hx) to contribute to a PE phenotype and to determine the importance of CD4+ T cells in cognitive dysfunction during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>At delivery, blood and placentas were collected, and one million placental CD4+ T cells from each PE and each normotensive patient, with (NT) or without (NP) a CV (Hx) during pregnancy, were isolated, purified, and injected i.p. into a gestational day (GD) 12 pregnant nude athymic rat (one patient\/rat). At GD19, blood pressure (MAP) and circulating factors were assessed in recipient rats. Cognitive function and memory were assessed using Novel Object Recognition and Barnes Maze tests, respectively. Placental ACE\u20102 activity and AT1\u2010AA were measured from COVID Hx patients. A one\u2010 or two\u2010way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test was used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood pressure was increased in patients with PE, with or without COVID, compared to NT patients. There were no significant changes in placental ACE activity in patients with COVID Hx with or without PE. AT1\u2010AA was elevated in PE patients and in both PE and NT COVID Hx compared to control NP. In pregnant recipient rats, MAP increased in CV Hx PE (113\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08) compared to CV Hx NT (101\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06). PE and PE CV Hx CD4+ T Cell recipient rats exhibited impaired memory and cognitive dysfunction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), compared to control groups. Recipient rats of PE CV Hx CD4+ T cells had elevated AT1\u2010AA compared to NT CV Hx recipients. Both COVID Hx groups and recipients of PE CD4+ T cells had elevated TNF alpha compared to NP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that pregnant patients with a Hx of COVID during pregnancy produce AT1\u2010AA, with or without PE. Recipients of CD4+ T cells from PE with or without a CV Hx during pregnancy cause HTN and elevated AT1\u2010AA. TNF\u2010\u03b1 is elevated in PE and in CV Hx NT and PE recipients. Interestingly, recipients of T cells from PE patients with or without a Hx of CV had worse cognitive function during pregnancy, compared to recipient rats of NP CD4+ T cells. These data demonstrate the importance of CD4+ T cells in HTN and impaired neurological function during PE in the presence or absence of a prior COVID\u201019 infection during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T16:14:38Z","timestamp":1729440878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hypertension and Cognitive Dysfunction in a Pregnant Rat Model of PE; a Role for CD4+ T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Evangeline","family":"Deer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology University of Mississippi Medical Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Herrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology 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