{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:54:32Z","timestamp":1780376072181,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infertility is a global reproductive health burden. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been widely used to help patients become pregnant. Few embryos develop to the blastocyst stage with ARTs, leading to relatively low live birth rates. Protein modifications play crucial roles in nearly every aspect of cell biology, including reproductive processes. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of protein modifications during embryonic development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proteomic data from humans and mice were acquired from the integrated proteome resources (iProX) of ProteomeXchange (PXD024267) and a tandem mass tag (TMT)\u2010mass spectrometry dataset. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were applied for functional annotation. Protein\u2013protein interactions (PPIs) of the modification\u2010related genes were revealed by the STRING database. Modified proteins during mouse embryogenesis were visualized through heatmaps of hierarchically clustering using k\u2010means.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified modification\u2010related proteins in human embryo development and characterized them through heatmaps, GO analysis, KEGG analysis, and PPI network analysis. We found that the 4\u2010cell stage to the 8\u2010cell stage might be the demarcation period for modification\u2010related protein expression patterns during embryo development. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we elucidated the methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination events that occur during mouse embryogenesis to validate our findings in human embryonic development to some extent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of our study suggest that the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of human preimplantation embryos might exhibit the same trends as those in mice to exert synergistic and fine\u2010tuned regulatory effects during embryonic development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T10:48:18Z","timestamp":1729939698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Protein Modifications During Early Embryo Development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3035-0577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33314\/jnhrc.v17i01.1827"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2017.44.2.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00925-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1686"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"Rate of Blastocyst Development From Excess Embryos Remaining in Culture After Day 3 Embryo Transfer","volume":"51","author":"Dayal M. 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