{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:32:03Z","timestamp":1792805523162,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI155296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI155296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are sparse data on the role of the\u00a0vaginal microbiome (VMB) in pregnancy among pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWH) and its association with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). We conducted a scoping review to assess associations between vaginal microbiota and sPTB among PWLWH. Three studies were included, representing a total of 180 PWLWH out of 652 total pregnancies. All studies used modern DNA sequencing methods (16S rRNA amplification, metagenomics, or metatranscriptomics). PWLWH had higher VMB richness and diversity compared to HIV\u2010uninfected pregnant women and higher sPTB rates in two of three studies. A higher proportion of sPTB among PWLWH was observed in those with Lactobacillus\u2010deficient, anaerobe\u2010dominant vaginal microbiota. In two of three studies, higher concentrations of vaginal inflammation markers were associated with increased VMB richness and diversity. HIV status was independently associated with sPTB. It is unclear if increased vaginal microbial diversity among PWLWH or increased vaginal inflammation contributes more to PTB, but HIV does appear to alter the VMB in pregnant individuals and may also affect PTB rates in microbiome\u2010independent pathways. Given the limited number of studies, heterogeneity in sample size, sample collection methods, and inconsistent results it is difficult to causally link HIV, VMB, inflammatory cytokines, and sPTB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T17:54:01Z","timestamp":1730310841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vaginal Microbiome and the Risk of Preterm Birth in Women Living With HIV: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2603-7704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fouzia Zahid Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore 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