{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T21:38:03Z","timestamp":1782855483180,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) represents a complication of pregnancy occurring in 1%\u20133% of all couples trying to conceive. About 50%\u201360% of RPL cases remain idiopathic, therefore therapeutic strategies seem empirical and based on unproven evidence. We investigated the efficacy of corticosteroids in women with RPL. We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis, up to August 2024, in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, including studies on idiopathic RPL women and comparing corticosteroids versus control treatment. Primary outcome was the ongoing pregnancy rate beyond 12 weeks of gestation; secondary outcomes were live birth rate (LBR), stillbirth, birth weight, incidence of preeclampsia and\/or gestational diabetes, gestational age at delivery, and fetal abnormalities. Four studies comprising 417 RPL women randomly assigned to steroid or control treatment were included. We found that oral corticosteroids significantly increase the ongoing pregnancy rate beyond 12 weeks of gestation compared to the control group (log OR [odds ratio] = 1.49 [0.32, 2.67], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), with high heterogeneity (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 75%), and improve LBR (log OR = 0.9 [0.11, 1.69], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), with low heterogeneity (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.05%). However, the limited number of studies significantly limits the strength of the findings. Also, the benefit\/risk assessment of the use of corticosteroids in early pregnancy for RPL is still unclear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T13:28:08Z","timestamp":1736342888000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Efficacy of Corticosteroids in Patients With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6160-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"D'Ippolito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute \u201cVincenzo Tiberio,\u201d University of Molise UNIMOL  Campobasso Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna del Bambino e di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Gavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Granieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna del Bambino e di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"De Waure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia  Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna del Bambino e di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute \u201cVincenzo Tiberio,\u201d University of Molise UNIMOL  Campobasso Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1590-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Tersigni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna del Bambino e di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Scambia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna del Bambino e di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1273-3335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Di Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University  Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital  Rozzano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00197-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoad002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17515"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92159-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69204-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00228-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gco.0000194112.86051.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk1218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2021.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05938.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2009.00792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00848.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00908.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00821.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90235-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh790"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d2616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5457com"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"The Clinical Use of Corticosteroids in Pregnancy","volume":"22","author":"Kemp M. W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2012.693988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00343-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.430107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","article-title":"Peri\u2010Implantation Glucocorticoid Administration for Assisted Reproductive Technology Cycles","volume":"6","author":"Boomsma C. M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.440411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3262-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2022.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.5302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","first-page":"0015","article-title":"The Role of Immunotherapy in In Vitro Fertilization: A Guideline Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","volume":"110","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2017.04.013"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.70037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T08:06:06Z","timestamp":1737705966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.70037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aji.70037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.70037","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70037"}}