{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:08:28Z","timestamp":1787501308962,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known to be associated with immune response dysregulation, resembling autoimmune diseases. However, the causal relationship between PCOS and autoimmune diseases remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A two\u2010sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using publicly available genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) data. The primary causal effects were estimated using the inverse\u2010variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by the weighted median, weighted mode, and MR\u2010Egger regression approaches. Horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using MR\u2010Egger regression and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR\u2010PRESSO) method. Additionally, bidirectional MR analysis was performed to determine the directionality of causal relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IVW analysis revealed no causal inference of PCOS on autoimmune diseases (odds ratios [OR]: 0.93\u20131.19,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt;\u00a00.05), and no evidence of a causal relationship was observed between autoimmune diseases and PCOS (OR 0.98\u20131.11,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt;\u00a00.05). These findings were further supported by the weighted median and mode methods. However, MR\u2010Egger analysis suggested potential causal associations between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease (CD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with PCOS (OR: 0.87\u20131.08,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05), though horizontal pleiotropy was detected for RA and IBD, indicating potential bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genetically predicted PCOS was not causally linked to autoimmune diseases. Although potential associations between RA, CD, and IBD with PCOS were identified, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to possible pleiotropy. Future studies with larger sample sizes and advanced MR methodologies are warranted to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T11:06:08Z","timestamp":1747652768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Causal Relationship Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Autoimmune Diseases: A Two\u2010Sample Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1032-6747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuye","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center for Human Reproduction Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dachao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center for Human Reproduction Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00720-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":">Studies in Computational Intelligence","author":"Nautiyal G.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00457-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000748"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1351.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.6.1766"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.23769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_95_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2022.103628"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05850-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Methodological Approaches, Challenges, and Opportunities in the Application of Mendelian Randomisation to Lifecourse Epidemiology: A Systematic Literature Review","author":"Power G. 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