{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T08:42:16Z","timestamp":1776415336781,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(PSAU\/2025\/R\/1447)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(PSAU\/2025\/R\/1447)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy\u2010associated metabolic disorder characterized by transient hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin sensitivity and \u03b2\u2010cell dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory pathways, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB), play crucial roles in initiating and perpetuating insulin resistance and glucose intolerance during GDM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review comprehensively examines the current literature on the molecular mechanisms linking the NLRP3\/NF\u2010\u03baB signaling axis to the development of GDM. Relevant studies were identified through database searches focusing on inflammation\u2010mediated insulin resistance, cytokine regulation, and therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings indicate that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF\u2010\u03baB pathway enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1, which contribute to pancreatic \u03b2\u2010cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Experimental models demonstrate that inhibition of these signaling cascades mitigates inflammation, improves insulin sensitivity, and normalizes glucose metabolism, suggesting their critical involvement in GDM pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NLRP3\/NF\u2010\u03baB axis plays a pivotal role in mediating inflammation and insulin resistance in GDM. Targeting this pathway may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing or managing GDM. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate its molecular interactions and validate potential pharmacological interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T13:09:19Z","timestamp":1764162559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Targeting of NF\u2010\u03baB\/NLRP3 Axis in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1504-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmaa Morgan Farahat","family":"Khatap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal\u2010Newborn Health Nursing College of Nursing in Al\u2010Kharj Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University  Al\u2010Kharj Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Lecturer of Maternity Obstetrics &amp; Gynecological Nursing Faculty of Nursing Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3097-2962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayder M.","family":"Al\u2010kuraishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine College Of Medicine Mustansiriyah University  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9775-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thabat J.","family":"Al\u2010Maiahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics College of Medicine Al\u2010Mustansiriyah University  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8284-8897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali I.","family":"Al\u2010Gareeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical University  Najaf Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0039-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duaa","family":"Eliwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3529-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Mahmoud","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University  Al\u2010Kharj Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9162-772X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassanat Ramadan","family":"Abdel\u2010Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontological Nursing Department Faculty of Nursing Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7817-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaber El\u2010Saber","family":"Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Damanhour University  Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1284-6011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59298\/INOSRSR\/2024\/1.1.16371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57111170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3979-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2061-9441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.664287"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02936-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934794"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"S69","article-title":"Serum Human Placental Lactogen and Prolactin May Not be Associated With Aberrant Glucose Homeostasis in GDM","volume":"12","author":"Alam M. 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