{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:31:15Z","timestamp":1769646675915,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n The use of low\u2010dose cyclosporine A (CsA) has been shown to increase live birth rates in cases of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions, without causing significant side effects for the pregnant woman or fetus. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CsA on immune system indicators and pregnancy success in adverse pregnancies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Data were collected from patients diagnosed with adverse pregnancies caused by immune\u2010related abnormalities at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, China, between September 2023 and October 2024. Information collected included patient details, cytokine levels, lymphocyte subpopulations, blocking antibody changes, and CsA blood concentration during medication. This helped determine the effective blood concentration range of CsA for these patients, aimed at enhancing the drug's safety and effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Outcome<\/jats:title>\n \n The study included a total of 661 participants, among whom 279 achieved successful pregnancies after CsA treatment (A clinically confirmed pregnancy is considered a successful pregnancy). The CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ blocking antibody efficiency levels were significantly increased after CsA administration (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.017), and the former two changes were strongly correlated with pregnancy success (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that increases in CD3+, CD4+ blocking antibodies were strong predictors of successful pregnancy outcomes. Cytokine levels, including IL\u20102, IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, IL\u201017, IFN\u2010\n \u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n , and TNF\u2010\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n , decreased significantly after treatment (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). Ratios such as IL\u20102\/IL\u201010 and IFN\u2010\n \u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n \/IL\u201010 also showed significant reductions (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), while the IFN\u2010\n \u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n \/IL\u20104 and TNF\u2010\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n \/IL\u20104 ratios increased significantly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The majority of patients had blood CsA concentrations between 10\u201370\u00a0ng\/mL.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These findings suggest that CsA can effectively regulate immune markers and restore immune balance, reducing the impact of immune\u2010related adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T13:17:59Z","timestamp":1768828679000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Oral Cyclosporine A on Immune Indicators and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Adverse Pregnancies: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Maojiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University Luohu District Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongchao","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University Luohu District Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rangeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University Luohu District Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University Luohu District Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Jiaying University Meizhou City Guangdong Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University Luohu District Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenli","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University Luohu District Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiling","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University Luohu District Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8107-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaogui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University Luohu District Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.646596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02128-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2023.104157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-022-00514-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.949123"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1909","article-title":"Research Progress of Blocking Antibodies and Immune\u2010Related Factors in Spontaneous Abortion During Pregnancy","volume":"28","author":"Zhichun M. 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