{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T16:20:46Z","timestamp":1785860446403,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Problem<\/jats:title>\n \n NK\u2010cell dysfunction in endometriosis is suggested to contribute to the survival of ectopic endometrial tissue. However, the underlying causes of this impairment remain unclear. NK cells are divided into: CD56\n +bright<\/jats:sup>\n ,\u00a0which\u00a0produce high amounts of cytokines but have low or no cytotoxic ability, and CD56\n +dim<\/jats:sup>\n , which are mainly cytotoxic. CD56\n +bright<\/jats:sup>\n NK cells, constitutively present in human endometrium (eNK cells), represent only 0\u20132%\u00a0of NK cells in PBMC, where CD56\n +dim<\/jats:sup>\n cells dominate.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method of Study<\/jats:title>\n NK\u2010cell subpopulations and NKG2D receptor expression in PBMC were analyzed by flow cytometry in two cohorts of untreated and treated endometriosis patients and healthy age\u2010matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Elevated numbers of CD56\n +bright<\/jats:sup>\n \u00a0cells were observed in 8 of 21 untreated endometriosis patients compared to controls. These numbers were normalized following surgery and hormonal treatment. The NKG2D receptor expression was reduced in untreated patients compared to controls and treated patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The significantly increased proportion of peripheral CD56\n +bright\u00a0<\/jats:sup>\n NK\/eNK cells may result from migration of these cells from ectopic endometrial tissue. The downregulation of NKG2D receptor expression in PBMCs may be mediated by immunosuppressive endometriotic exosomes, as previously reported by us. Taken together, our results suggest that: (1) the impaired NK cell cytotoxicity in untreated endometriosis patients may be due both to an influx of CD56\n +bright<\/jats:sup>\n \/eNK cells and exosome\u2010induced NKG2D receptor downregulation; and (2) elevated numbers of peripheral CD56\n +bright<\/jats:sup>\n NK cells could be considered as a potential diagnostic marker for endometriosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T07:54:57Z","timestamp":1770278097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhanced CD56 Expression and Increased Number of CD56\n +bright<\/sup>\n Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Untreated Endometriosis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6920-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Bj\u00f6rk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology\/\u00d6rnsk\u00f6ldsvik Hospital \u00d6rnsk\u00f6ldsvik Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology\/Infection and Immunology Ume\u00e5 University Umea Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences\/Obstetrics and Gynecology Ume\u00e5 University Umea Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernilla","family":"Israelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Intervention\/Oncology Ume\u00e5 University Umea Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Nagaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology\/Infection and Immunology Ume\u00e5 University Umea 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