{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:47:44Z","timestamp":1773254864351,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is often unexplained, and emerging evidence supports a potential alloimmune contribution in a subset of patients. Excessive maternal\u2013paternal HLA compatibility has been proposed as a mechanism impairing maternal\u2013fetal immune tolerance. This review, based on a representative clinical case, examines the role of HLA sharing in recurrent euploid pregnancy loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review of current literature on alloimmune mechanisms in RPL, including classical and non\u2010classical HLA pathways and KIR\u2010HLA interactions, was conducted. A clinical case involving recurrent second\u2010trimester euploid losses despite multimodal immunotherapy was used to contextualize these mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient experienced multiple losses of chromosomally normal fetuses despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, progesterone, aspirin, and low\u2010molecular\u2010weight heparin. HLA typing demonstrated allele sharing across four of five loci, suggesting markedly reduced immunogenetic diversity at the maternal\u2013fetal interface. This pattern aligned with proposed mechanisms of impaired trophoblast\u2010immune signaling and inadequate tolerance induction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excessive maternal\u2013paternal HLA compatibility may contribute to recurrent euploid pregnancy loss through disruption of maternal\u2013fetal immune tolerance. This case\u2010based review underscores the need for individualized immunologic assessment and further research into targeted therapies for alloimmune\u2010mediated reproductive failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T17:20:07Z","timestamp":1771176007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recurrent Second\u2010Trimester Euploid Pregnancy Loss Associated With Maternal\u2013Paternal HLA Compatibility: Review Based on a Case Report of Immune\u2010Mediated Failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7375-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Gayete\u2010Lafuente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Human Reproduction (CHR)  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Foundation For Reproductive Medicine (FRM)  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8222-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Guijarro\u2010Baude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Human Reproduction (CHR)  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Universitari de Vic  Vic Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2571-3683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Choong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Human Reproduction (CHR)  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7980-2369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Barad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Human Reproduction (CHR)  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Foundation For 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